10th Class: I Can Handle It

the 10th class and the final one, we learned about the car wheels (tires), how to detect problems, how to read the tire specifications and how to choose the best tire that fits your car and your environment, the image bellow illustrates what we learned exactly:-

9th Class: I Can Handle It

on the 9th Class we learned about the Alternator and the Car Starter, both help in starting the car and preparing the engine, however the alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current.

Alternator

Alternator

Car Starter

with the help of our trainer, we opened up the car alternator to learn more about the insides of this item and how it exactly functions, and the we re-installed it again.

8th Class: I Can Handle It

On the 7th class we learned about the car carburetor system and the car bettery.

Carburetor: the faster air moves, the lower its static pressure, and the higher its dynamic pressure. The throttle (accelerator) linkage does not directly control the flow of liquid fuel. Instead, it actuates carburetor mechanisms which meter the flow of air being pulled into the engine. The speed of this flow, and therefore its pressure, determines the amount of fuel drawn into the airstream.

Shelby GT500 Telephone ::: تلفون البيت على شلبي

Price: 25 KD

Shelby GT500 Telephone

Perfect for any car enthusiast,this licensed replica of the popular Shelby GT500 American classic car from Ford Motor Co works both as a phone and as a decoration.
*Features:

• Last number redial capability
• Electronic ringing sound with buzzer sound
• Volume control high-low
• Ringer on/off

Mustang iPhone 4 Cover ::: كفر الايفون 4 على شعار الموستانج

كفر الايفون 4 على شعار الموستانج

السعر: 10 دنانير

السعر: 10 دنانير

Mustang iPad Cover ::: كفر الايباد على شعار الموستانج

كفر حماية الايباد مصنوع من الجلد الاسود مع ختم شعار الموستانج أصلي من وكالة فورد أمريكا.

السعر: 20 دينار

Mustang Wallet ::: بوك موستنج

بوك (محفظه) شعار الموستنج جي تي مصنوع من الجلد الاسود  

7th Class: I Can Handle It

So today's class was about the cooling system in the car, how do we keep the engine tempreture at the normal range between 75C to 90C digrees. This is how it works:

Cooling Systems

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• In a liquid-cooled system heat is removed from around the combustion chamber by a heat-absorbing liquid (coolant) circulating inside the engine. This liquid is pumped through the engine and, after absorbing the heat of combustion, flows into the radiator where the heat is transferred to the outside air. This system keeps engine temperature within a range where they provide the best performance.

Coolant

• Engine coolant is actually a mixture of water and anifreeze/coolant. The typical recommended mixture is a 50/50 solution of water and antifreeze/coolant. Regardless of the mixture of the coolant or the type of antifreeze used, some lime, rust and scale will always build in a cooling system. For this reason and others, the engine's coolant should be replaced and the cooling system flushed every one or two years.

Thermostat

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• The thermostat controls the minimum operating temperature of the engine. The maximum operating temperature is controlled by the amount of heat being produced by the engine at the time and the cooling system's ability to dissipate the heat.
• The most common location of the thermostat is at the front of the engine block. Thermostat fits into a recess in the block where it is exposed to hot coolant. <><> <><> <><>
• The thermostat permits fast warm-up of the engine. Slow warm-up causes moisture condensation in the combustion chambers, which finds its way into the crankcase and cause sludge formation.
• Thermostats must start to open at a specified temperature, normally 3^o F(1.6^o C) above or below its temperature rating. It must be fully open at about 20^o F (-6.6^o C) above the start-to open temperature.

Water Pump

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• The heart of the cooling system is the water pump. It job is to move the coolant though the cooling system.
• Usually the water pump is driven by the crankshaft through pulleys and a drive V-belt.
• Water pumps are centrifugal-type pumps with a rotating paddle-wheel-type impeller to move the coolant.
• When the engine is started, the impeller pushes the coolant from its pumping cavity into the engine block.
• When the engine is cold, the thermostat is closed. The coolant stops before reaching the radiator.
• In order for the water
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  pump to circulate the coolant through the engine during warm-up, a bypass passage is added below the thermostat.

Radiator Pressure Cap

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• The radiator car was at one time designed to keep the coolant from splashing out while providing a means to fill the radiator with coolant.
• Now, radiator caps are equipped with pressure springs and vents. The cap allows for an increase in pressure in the radiator, which raises the boiling point of the coolant.

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• For every pound of pressure put on the coolant, the boiling point is raised about 3 1/4^oF (1.8^oC). Today's caps normally are designed to hold between 14 and17 psi (96.35 and 117.21 kPa). When the pressures exceed this level, the seal between the cap and the radiator filler neck opens and allows the excessive pressure to vent into the coolant recovery tank.

Expansion Tank

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• Most cooling systems have an expansion or recovery tank. Expansion tanks are designed to catch and hold any coolant that passes through the pressure cap when the engine is hot. As the engine warms up, the coolant expands. This eventually causes the pressure cap to release. The coolant passes to an expansion tank.
• When the engine is shut down, the coolant begins to shrink. The vacuum spring inside the pressure cap opens and the coolant in the expansion tank is drawn back into the cooling system.
• The marks on the recovery tank show where coolant levels should be when the car is running and when it is not.

Hoses

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• Coolant flows from the engine to the radiator and from the radiator to the engine through hoses. The radiator is solidly mounted to the vehicle and the engine sits on rubber mounts, which means the engine can move independently of the chassis and the radiator cannot. If the engine were connected solidly to the radiator, the radiator would soon break because of the vibration and stress.
• Hoses connecting the engine to the radiator are made up of three parts, an inner rubber tube, some reinforcement material, and an outer rubber cover.
• Cooling system hoses must be able to endure heavy vibrations and be resistant to oil, heat, abrasion, weathering, and pressure.
• Most vehicles have at least four hoses in the cooing system.

Hose Clamps

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• Hoses are attached to the engine and radiator with clamps. Hose clamps are designed to apply clamping pressure around the outside of the hose at the point where it connects to the inlet and outlet connection at the radiator, engine block, water pump, or heater core.

Belt Drive

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• Belt drives have been used for many year. V-belts and V-ribbed (serpentine belts are used to drive water pumps, power steering pumps, air-conditioning compressors, generators, and emission control pumps.
• Because the belts are flexible, they absorb some shock loads and cushion shaft bearing from excessive loads.
• Belt drives can be used to drive a single part or a combination of parts. V-belts are typically used to drive a single component.

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• Most late model vehicles use a serpentine belt to drive accessories. Serpentine belts are used to drive all or most accessories.

Cooling Fans

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• At highway speeds, the ram air through the radiator should be sufficient to maintain proper cooling of the engine. How ever, at low speeds and idle, the system needs additional air. This air is delivered by fan. The fan may be driven by the engine, via a belt, or by an electric motor. To eliminate power drain during time when fan operation is not needed. This is accomplished by a fan clutch.

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• In most cars of today, to save power and reduce the noise level, the conventional belt-driven, water pump mounted engine cooling fan has been replaced with an electrically driven fan. The fan is mounted to the radiator shroud and are not connected mechanically or physically to the engine.

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• The 12 volt motor driven fan is electrically controlled by an engine coolant temperature switch or sensor and the air-conditioner switch. In most newer car it is controlled by the engine control computer.

6th Class: I Can Handle It

In todays class we learned about the Oil System in the car, bellow is a detailed explaination of today's class.

 

Main Components of the Oil System in the car:-

• Oil Pump
• • The oil pump is the heart of the lubricating system.
  • Just as the human heart circulates blood through veins and engine's oil pump circulates oil through passages in the engine.

• Oil Pump Pickup

• • The oil pump pickup is a line from the oil pump to the oil stored in the oil pan.
  • It usually contains a filter screen, which is submerged in the oil at all times.
  • The screen servers to keep large particles from reaching the oil pump.

•   Oil Pan or Sump

• • The oil pan attaches to the crankcase of block.
  • It serves as the reservoir fro the engine's oil.
  • It is designed to hold the amount of oil needed to lubricate the engine when it is running, plus a reserve.
  • The oil pan helps to cool the oil through its contact with the outside air.

Pressure Relief Valve

• • Since the oil pump is a positive displacement pump, an oil pressure relief valve is included in the system to prevent excessively high system pressures from occurring as engine speed is increased.
  • Once the oil pressure exceeds a preset limit, the spring-loaded pressure relief valve opens and allows the excess oil to by-pass the rest of the system and return directly to the sump or oil pan.

• Oil Filter

• • All the oil that leaves oil pump is directed to the oil filter.
  • This insures that very small particles of dirt and metal suspended in the oil will not reach the close fitting parts, causing premature wear.

• Oil Filter Element

• • Oil from the engine's oil pump enters the filter and passes through the element of the filter.
  • From the element, the oil flows into the engine's main oil gallery.

• Oil Filter Mounting

• • The filter is usually mounted and sealed to an adapter that bolts to the engine block.
  • However, it may be remotely mounted with oil lines connecting the filter mount to the oil galleries in the engine block.

• Drain Back Valve

• • Some oil filters have an anti-drain back valves that prevents oil drainage from the filter when the engine is not running.
  • This allows for a supply of filtered oil to the engine as soon as the engine is started.

• Full Flow Oil System
• • Today's engines have a full-flow oil system.
  • All the oil going to the engine's moving parts goes through the filter first.

• Plugged Filter

• • Should the filter become plugged, a relief valve in the filter opens and allows the oil to bypass and go directly to the moving parts.

• Engine Oil Passages or Galleries

• • From the filter, the oil flows into the engine galleries.
  • These galleries consist of interconnecting passages that have been drilled completely through the engine block during manufacturing.
  • The crankshaft also contains oil passages to route the oil form the main bearing to connecting rod bearings surfaces.

Oil Pressure Indicators
• • A cars driver can monitor oil by looking at the gauge, which indicates the engines oil pressure at all times, or a warning light that will come on whenever the engine is running with insufficient oil pressure.

• Oil Seals and Gaskets
• • These are used throughout the engine to prevent both external and internal oil leaks.
  • The most common materials used for sealing are synthetic rubber, soft plastics, fiber, and cork.
  • In critical areas, these materials might be bonded to a metal.

•  Dipstick

• • The dipstick is used to measure the level of oil in the oil pan.
  • The end of the stick is marked to indicate when the engine oil level is correct.
  • It also has a mark to indicate the need to add oil to the system.